DOST Science Practice Exam

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• The main energy currency produced during cellular respiration is what molecule?
• Internal heat sources of the Earth arise from what process?
• In a circuit with a fixed voltage, what happens to the current if resistance is doubled?
• Hypertonic solution description.
• What type of chemical bond involves sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
• Which field is primarily concerned with the form and structure of organisms?
• Large membrane-bounded organelle containing sap; functions in storage transport of substances.
• Study of the structure of living organisms via dissection
• Which science concerns the inheritance of traits from parents?
• Which term describes the formation and movement of magma?
• Which field investigates the mechanisms of the human body?
• Which term describes human-caused climate change?
• Hypotonic solution description.
• Which of the following is typically found in animal cells but not in plant cells?
• Which set lists the four radioactive isotopes commonly cited for Earth's radiogenic heat?
• Which group includes organisms that can photosynthesize and are bacteria?
• Which proteins help materials cross the membrane?
• Extensive network of membrane bounded tubules and sacs that produces and modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids.
• Which bond involves the transfer of electrons between atoms, forming charged ions?
• Which formula correctly relates wave speed to frequency and wavelength?
• A machine does 50 J of work in 5 s. What is its power?
• What is the term for the amount of substance containing Avogadro's number of particles?
• How many types of proteins are present in the cell membrane?
• Which RNA family is involved in regulating cellular processes beyond translation and transcription?
• What describes diffusion?
• What forms the boundary of the cell and regulates traffic in all cells?
• What is the approximate altitude of the Karman line, commonly used to demarcate space?
• Which farming practice helps reduce soil erosion and water pollution from farming?
• Which RNA type is primarily a structural and catalytic component of ribosomes?
• The term that represents the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution is?
• Which of the following best describes cyanobacteria?
• Which organelle functions in storage and transport of substances and is typically large in plant cells?
• Which proteins are attached to the membrane surface rather than spanning it?
• Double membrane (inner & outer) 3-6 um, lens shaped. Photosynthesis.
• Which chromosome type codes for many regular human traits?
• Which organelles are typical in animal cells?
• Which natural disaster is caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere producing seismic waves?
• An alternative form of a gene is called an ___?
• What are the three methods of heat transfer?
• What is the name of the ancient supercontinent that assembled all landmasses?
• In NaCl, which atom forms the cation?
• Heat transfer by movement of a heated fluid such as air or water is called what?
• Which process moves water across a semipermeable membrane from higher water potential to lower water potential?
• In prokaryotic cells, DNA and organelles are not membrane-bound. Which statement accurately describes prokaryotic cells?
• Which chromosome type is present in both sexes and carries genes for many traits?
• The main energy currency produced during cellular respiration is what molecule?
• Which is the building block of all organisms and the smallest unit of life?
• Which branch deals with the immune system and its processes?
• Which components are within the phospholipid layer and help move molecules or aid in cell recognition?
• Which type of immunity in which antibodies are produced by B cells?
• Which organelle is involved in photosynthesis in plant cells?
• Autosomes are present in both sexes and carry many genes.
• Membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that carry out intracellular digestion; recycles cell's own organic materials.
• Which carbohydrate forms the cell walls of fungi?
• What term describes the boundary where two tectonic plates slide horizontally past one another?
• Which molecule copies information from DNA to direct protein synthesis?
• What process describes the breakdown of rocks by physical forces such as freezing and cracking?
• At which plate boundary do two plates move toward each other?
• A wave has frequency 50 Hz and wavelength 3 m. What is its speed?
• Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells?
• Which process describes a solid turning directly into a gas?
• If a cell is placed in isotonic solution, what is the net movement of water?
• The science of life and living organisms, derived from the Greek words bios and logos, is called?
• If a strong acid has a pH of 2, which category does it belong to?
• What type of immunity involves antibody production by B cells?
• Which RNA forms the core of ribosomes and catalyzes peptide bond formation?
• Which term means cell drinking?
• Diffusion describes movement from higher to lower concentration without energy.
• What process do ribosomes perform by translating mRNA and using tRNA to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide?
• During DNA replication, the statement that each new double helix contains one old strand and one new strand describes which mode?
• Which organism is aquatic, photosynthetic, and capable of manufacturing its own food?
• What Earth layer is liquid and generates Earth's magnetic field?
• Isotonic solution describes equal concentrations outside and inside cell.
• Which metamorphism occurs when rocks are altered by proximity to magma?
• Which membrane proteins are completely embedded in the membrane?
• A boundary described as constructive because magma pushes up as plates pull apart is called a?
• Which organelle houses chromosomes?
• In an ecosystem, energy flow is primarily unidirectional and decreases at higher trophic levels due to what?
• Which gas is a major contributor to acid rain from burning fossil fuels?
• Which RNA serves as a template for protein synthesis?
• The study of organisms and their interactions with the environment is called?
• Magmatism occurs in which regions of Earth's interior?
• Which pigment is primarily responsible for capturing light energy in photosynthesis?
• What term refers to the parents that reproduce together?
• What term describes the transformation of a rock into metamorphic rock due to chemical processes or changes in temperature and pressure?
• Which statement about sex chromosomes in humans is true?
• Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?
• What subatomic particle determines the identity of an element?
• Which cytoskeletal element consists of protein cylinders that move organelles within animal cells?
• Which field focuses on the study of plants?
• Which proteins enable cells to distinguish their own cells from those of other organisms?
• One complete set of chromosomes is described as which ploidy level?
• When an acid reacts with a metal, what gas is produced?
• Which term describes the observable trait expressed by the genotype?
• What is the process called when different minerals in rock melt at different temperatures?
• Which statement best describes the role of the proteins in the cell membrane?
• Which boundary is associated with subduction and is destructive?
• What does the law of conservation of mass require in a chemical equation?
• Which pigment is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?
• A 1 kg object is raised 2 m. What is its gravitational potential energy (g ≈ 9.8 m/s^2)?
• On a weather map, isobars closely spaced indicate what condition?
• Which mode of heat transfer travels through space without needing a medium?
• Proteins found in chloroplasts that absorb sunlight for photosynthesis are called which pigment?
• Which organelle is primarily responsible for ribosome synthesis and assembly in eukaryotic cells?
• During DNA replication, each daughter DNA molecule contains one old strand and one new strand. What is this type of replication called?
• Which boundary is constructive, characterized by magma pushing up as the plates pull away from one another?
• Which term describes proteins that are attached to the membrane surface, not embedded in it?
• Which organelle is involved in lipid synthesis?
• Which RNA carries amino acids corresponding to codons on mRNA?
• Which of the following organelles are characteristic of plant cells?
• The use of technology to modify and manipulate biological systems is known as?
• Which organelle creates carbohydrates and lipids?
• When resistors are connected in parallel, does the equivalent resistance increase or decrease relative to the smallest resistor?
• Which statement best describes magma's composition?
• Which domains are prokaryotic?
• The protective outer layer surrounding most cells in bacteria, fungi, and plants is called what?
• A 0.5 kg object moves at 4 m/s. What is its kinetic energy?
• The heat imparted to a planetary body by the processes of its formation is called what?
• Which carbohydrate forms the cell walls of plants?
• Which type of bond holds NaCl together under ionic interactions?
• What is the pH range of a strong acid?
• Which organelle carries out protein synthesis?
• Small round organelles enclosed by single membranes; contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen atoms from substrates to oxygen.
• Heat transfer without a medium, such as through space, is called what?
• Which process is the reverse of sublimation, where a gas turns directly into a solid?
• What is the commonly used term for climate change driven by human activities?
• A metamorphic process dominated by high differential stress and deformation without necessarily high temperature is called which type?
• Which cells have membrane-bound organelles?
• Solutions that resist changes in pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base are called?
• Among ionic, covalent, hydrogen, and metallic bonds, which is generally the weakest?
• Which gas is a major driver of the greenhouse effect?
• Which circuit arrangement produces an equivalent resistance smaller than the smallest resistor?
• Which term describes the combination of alleles an individual has for a trait?
• Which science studies how organisms interact with their environment and other living things?
• Which part of the water cycle involves water vapor turning into liquid in the atmosphere?
• Do prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles?
• Which organelle is the site of intracellular digestion and recycling of cell components?
• A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will generally
• A horizontal force of 10 N acts on a block and moves it 2 m in the force direction. How much work is done?
• Which organelle is involved in oxidation of fatty acids and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide?
• Two sets of chromosomes are characteristic of which ploidy level?
• Forms when atoms share electrons and is the strongest type of chemical bond?
• What region of an enzyme binds substrate?
• Cell drinking.
• In a DC circuit with a 6 V source and a 2 Ω resistor, what is the current?
• Cell eating.
• A genotype with both alleles for a trait are the same and recessive is called ___?
• In a chemical equation, the same number of each type of atom on both sides describes which principle?
• The science that names, describes, and classifies all living things is called?
• Which molecules strengthen the cell membrane?
• What is the typical temperature range for magma?
• What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells regarding nucleus presence?
• Which statement about sex determination in humans is true?
• Which term describes the two major classes of membrane proteins?
• A 4 kg block experiences a net force of 8 N. What is its acceleration?
• Which pigment is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?
• Which molecule is single-stranded and plays a major role in protein synthesis?
• Identify the first phase of photosynthesis in which light is harvested and energy carriers are produced.
• Which gas, commonly produced by burning fossil fuels, is a major greenhouse gas?
• Which membrane protein is attached to the membrane surface?
• A weak electrical attraction between the positive end of one molecule and the negative end of another is known as?
• Which field studies the diversity and classification of living things?
• A machine does 75 J of work in 5 s. What is its power?
• What term describes the molten and semi-molten rock mixture found beneath Earth's surface?
• What term describes the variety of life in an ecosystem?
• Which threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein in the nucleus carries genetic information in the form of genes?
• In a cross Aa x Aa, what fraction of offspring is expected to be recessive homozygous (aa)?
• What is the pH of a neutral aqueous solution at 25°C?
• Which energy source is considered non-renewable?
• What type of mutation introduces a stop codon, shortening the protein?
• A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly at 2 m/s^2 for 4 s. What is its final velocity?
• If a trait is inherited through an autosome, its inheritance pattern is typically
• Two complete sets of chromosomes define which ploidy state?
• Which chart best describes inheritance patterns within a family?
• Which of the following are common parts in all cells?
• The energy transferred by electromagnetic waves through space is called what?
• Which study focuses on the inheritance of traits from parents?
• A mass of 5 kg experiences a net force of 15 N. What is its acceleration?
• Which organelle edits and finalizes proteins made by ribosomes?
• The membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the what?
• What is Avogadro's number?
• Which boundary involves two plates sliding past each other in opposite directions?
• Which type of chromosome determines the sex of an organism?
• Which field studies bacteria and fungi?
• A 2 kg object moves at 3 m/s. What is its kinetic energy?
• Which carbohydrate forms the cell walls of bacteria?
• Which process describes the release of large amounts of material from a cell?
• A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait is called a ___?
• Engulfing of material by plasma membrane.
• Cyanobacteria are sometimes called blue-green algae.
• Identify the second phase of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is fixed and carbohydrates are produced.
• Cyanobacteria belong to which broad group?
• What is the functional unit of heredity?
• If both alleles are dominant (PP), the genotype is ___?
• Complexes made up of ribosomal RNA and protein that carry out protein synthesis.
• Genotype Pp is best described as ___?
• Which cell type contains chloroplasts?
• Which RNA carries amino acids to protein synthesis sites?
• Which metamorphism forms metamorphic rock bodies spanning hundreds of square kilometers?
• Bounded by double membrane (inner - cristae) produces ATP.
• Which farming practice reduces soil erosion by minimizing soil disturbance?
• Which chart is commonly used to trace inheritance through generations?
• Which boundary is characterized by two plates moving toward each other, leading to subduction of one plate?
• Which discipline investigates how genes are passed to offspring?
• Forms when atoms gain or lose electrons are called?
• Which carbohydrate forms the cell walls of plants?
• The plasma membrane is primarily formed by which structure?
• Which domain contains eukaryotic cells?
• Which molecules serve as identification tags on the cell surface?
• Which field would primarily study plant life and its processes?
• Copies information from DNA through base-pairing which molecule does this?
• Which approach provides a structured way to investigate natural phenomena by forming and testing hypotheses?
• Active transport uses energy to move substances across the membrane.
• The energy dissipated in the interiors of planets, satellites, or asteroids as a result of radioactive decay is called what?
• Which process breaks rocks by physical forces such as freezing and cracking without changing their chemical composition?
• A ball is thrown vertically upward with initial speed 10 m/s. What is the maximum height (neglect air resistance)?
• In a cross Aa x Aa, the fraction of offspring that are recessive homozygous aa?
• Which membrane component has carbohydrate tails that act as markers for cell recognition?
• Which term describes a threadlike structure that carries genes and is visible in the nucleus during cell division?
• Which fundamental particle is responsible for the identity of an element?
• What is the primary purpose of a pedigree chart?
• The hypothesis that continents were once joined in a single landmass and drifted apart is associated with which scientist?
• What is the unit of electrical resistance?
• What are electrons in the outermost shell called?
• Which membrane proteins form tunnels that allow import and export across the membrane?
• Which organelle is large in plant cells and helps maintain turgor pressure?
• A car travels at 20 m/s for 5 s. What is its displacement?
• Which cell type has a cell wall?
• A car starting from rest accelerates uniformly at 3 m/s^2 for 2 seconds. What is its final velocity?
• Which term describes the variety of life across all species in an ecosystem?
• What process creates new seafloor as plates move apart at mid-ocean ridges?
• What systematic approach is used to test ideas in science?
• Which process uses RNA polymerase to read DNA and synthesize pre-mRNA?
• If a force of 15 N is applied to move an object 1 m in the direction of the force, how much work is done?
• The jelly-like substance inside a cell that provides the medium for chemical reactions is called what?
• According to Boyle's law, what happens to pressure if volume doubles at constant temperature?
• In magma, which term refers to the molten portion?
• Avogadro's number is used to convert between moles and the number of particles. Which of the following is a basic unit for amount of substance?
• The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another that it is touching is called what?
• Consists of flattened membranous sacs; modification of proteins, sorting, packaging, of proteins before released in vesicles; tags and ships packages to their destination.